## Major Errors Discovered in Al Gore's Climate TRACE Emissions Database

A groundbreaking study from Northern Arizona University (NAU) is casting serious doubt on the accuracy of one of the world's most prominent greenhouse gas tracking tools. Researchers have concluded that the Climate TRACE database — developed by a consortium co-founded by former Vice President Al Gore — is significantly underreporting carbon dioxide emissions produced by vehicles in American cities, sometimes missing the mark by more than 90%.

The findings, published in the peer-reviewed journal *Environmental Research Letters*, reveal that across 260 U.S. cities, the Climate TRACE database underestimates vehicle-related CO2 emissions by an average of **70%**. The implications for climate policy and emissions reduction strategies could be substantial.

## What the Research Found

The study was led by Kevin Gurney, a professor in NAU's School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS). His team specifically examined how Climate TRACE reports carbon dioxide output from cars and trucks in urban environments — a critical category of fossil fuel emissions that plays an outsized role in city-level climate planning.

To benchmark the Climate TRACE figures, researchers cross-referenced them with data from **Vulcan**, an independent onroad emissions database developed by Gurney's own laboratory. The Vulcan system draws on verified traffic records and official energy consumption data to generate reliable emissions estimates, carrying an uncertainty margin of roughly 14%.

The contrast between the two datasets was stark.

"The Climate TRACE CO2 emissions were, on average, 70% lower than those same emissions in the Vulcan onroad CO2 emissions database," said Bilal Aslam, a SICCS postdoctoral researcher and co-investigator on the study.

### Some Cities Showed Gaps Exceeding 90%

The discrepancies weren't uniform. Certain cities revealed dramatically larger gaps between the two data sources. According to Pawlok Dass, a research associate at SICCS, cities like **Indianapolis and Nashville** showed Climate TRACE figures that fell more than 90% below what Vulcan recorded — a difference so large it raises fundamental questions about the database's methodology.

The research team also believes these inaccuracies are unlikely to be limited to the United States. They suspect similar underestimates may exist in Climate TRACE data for cities around the world, potentially undermining global climate accountability efforts.

## A Pattern of Concern

This is not the first time Climate TRACE's accuracy has been questioned by NAU researchers. An earlier study from the same team identified comparable problems in how Climate TRACE estimates emissions from **power plants**, another major source of fossil fuel-based CO2.

Taken together, Gurney says the two studies suggest that Climate TRACE may be significantly underreporting more than half of U.S. fossil fuel CO2 emissions in urban settings — a troubling pattern for a tool used to inform climate decisions at the highest levels.

"Given the importance of vehicle CO2 emissions in cities, we carefully examined the Climate TRACE data which relied on promising new artificial intelligence-based approaches," Gurney explained. "Our results suggest that the Climate TRACE data significantly underestimate over half of U.S. fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions in cities."

## AI Promise vs. Scientific Rigor

Climate TRACE employs artificial intelligence to monitor and estimate greenhouse gas emissions globally — an innovative approach that researchers acknowledge holds genuine promise for environmental tracking. However, the NAU team argues that technological ambition must be paired with rigorous scientific standards.

In their view, transparency, independent expert review, and methodological integrity are non-negotiable when producing data that feeds directly into climate legislation and public policy. Without these safeguards, even well-intentioned tools can mislead the decision-makers who rely on them.

The published study includes a set of concrete recommendations designed to help Climate TRACE improve its accuracy, providing a constructive path forward for the consortium's ongoing work.

"We will never estimate emissions with perfect accuracy, but we must ensure that the data shared with policymakers and the public is unbiased and meets best practices and the most rigorous scientific standards available," Gurney stated. "Without this, we mislead decision makers and potentially lose public trust in our ability to tackle climate change."

## About the Lead Researcher

Kevin Gurney brings more than two decades of expertise to this field, working at the intersection of atmospheric science, ecology, and public policy. His federally supported **Vulcan and Hestia projects** map greenhouse gas emissions at extraordinary resolution — from individual roadways and power plants down to neighborhood-level detail — helping identify emissions hotspots across the country.

With over 180 published scientific papers and more than 20,000 citations to his name, Gurney is a recognized authority in the field. He has participated in United Nations climate negotiations for over 25 years and serves as a lead author for the **Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)**. His work also contributed to a recent U.S. National Academy report titled *Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Decisionmaking*.

A new NAU study finds Climate TRACE, co-founded by Al Gore, underestimates urban vehicle CO2 emissions by 70% on average across 260 U.S. cities.

Climate TRACE Database Undercounts Vehicle CO2 by 70%

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Climate TRACE Emissions Database Undercounts Vehicle CO2 by 70%, Study Warns

## The Summer Screen Time Surge Is Real — And It's Getting Worse

Just as Disney and Pixar's highly anticipated *Toy Story 5* dramatizes the battle between beloved playthings and irresistible digital devices, millions of real-world families are facing the same struggle every single summer. When school bells stop ringing and structured routines disappear, children reach for their tablets and smartphones — and the numbers tell a striking story.

According to a comprehensive report by Aura, an online safety company that analyzed data from nearly 30,000 devices, children between the ages of 7 and 12 spend roughly **30% more time on screens during summer** compared to the school year. That translates to approximately four additional hours of screen time per week.

The report also revealed that **75% of children aged 7 to 11 would rather watch videos than play with physical toys** — a statistic that forms the very foundation of *Toy Story 5*'s storyline, where 8-year-old Bonnie abandons her cherished toys after receiving a shiny new tablet called a "Lilypad."

## Why Summer Makes Kids More Vulnerable to Screen Overuse

Pediatrician and researcher Dr. Jason Nagata of the University of California, San Francisco, explains that summer represents a uniquely high-risk window for excessive screen use. Without the natural structure and accountability of school days, children and teenagers naturally default to their devices when boredom sets in.

"Time that is generally spent on screens is often displacing sleep, physical activity, or outdoor time," says Dr. Nagata — all of which are critical pillars of a child's mental and physical health.

The Aura data adds important detail to this picture:

- **Teens experience a 15% increase** in screen time during summer compared to the school year
- **Nearly 70% of children** are already on their devices by mid-afternoon
- **1 in 10 children** remain active on devices as late as midnight
- Nighttime messaging rates more than **double across all age groups** compared to fall

Younger children tend to gravitate toward YouTube videos and gaming platforms like Roblox, while teenagers migrate toward social media apps. The *Toy Story 5* film captures this dynamic authentically — depicting young Bonnie staying up late scrolling her tablet and reaching for it the moment she wakes up.

### The Health Consequences Are Hard to Ignore

As summer progresses, the health toll becomes measurable. Aura's Digital Wellbeing Index — which correlates children's digital habits with health markers including sleep quality, emotional regulation, mood, and social isolation — found that **one in three children score poorly** on the index as summer wears on.

The good news? Kids aren't oblivious to the problem. More than half of children and teens surveyed acknowledged that excessive screen time isn't healthy. When asked to rank their preferred summer activities, **36% chose spending time with friends**, **24% chose going outside**, and only **20% chose using a tablet**.

"Many children and teens themselves report that they actually don't want to be glued to their phones over the summer," says Dr. Nagata. "It's just that, oftentimes, they're a little bit bored."

And apps are specifically engineered to exploit that boredom — using constant notifications and algorithmic hooks to keep users engaged far longer than intended.

## 4 Practical Ways Parents Can Keep Tech in Check This Summer

### 1. Create Physical Barriers to Screen Time

Rather than simply imposing time limits — which can feel punitive and ineffective without appealing alternatives — Dr. Nagata encourages parents to plan activities that make device use physically impossible.

Swimming is one of his top recommendations. "I take my daughter swimming every weekend over the summer, and the pool has become our special father-daughter place," he says. "And it's also screen-free. You cannot physically bring phones or devices into the pool."

The combination of physical activity, outdoor exposure, and quality bonding time makes swimming — and similar water-based activities — an ideal summer staple for families.

### 2. Enroll Kids in Summer Camp

Summer camps offer a structured, immersive environment that naturally limits screen access. A 2023 survey by the American Camp Association found that **90% of summer camps ban cell phones and tablets entirely**.

Dr. Nagata notes that camps emphasizing physical activity, outdoor exploration, and meaningful peer relationships deliver the greatest developmental benefits. But not every child thrives in a sports-heavy environment — and that's perfectly fine.

Niki Cordell, who runs **Junior Chefs Kitchen**, a culinary summer camp in Chicago, offers an inspiring alternative. Children cook two recipes daily, spend time at local parks, and visit restaurants around the city once a week. "Not all kids are super sporty, so this gives them the ability to build confidence and life skills in a different setting," Cordell explains. Many campers return home eager to recreate what they've learned in their own kitchens.

Art, music, and STEM camps are equally valuable options for children who don't gravitate toward athletics.

### 3. Build Structure Around Community Resources

For families working with tighter budgets, community resources can provide meaningful structure without a steep price tag. Regular trips to the **public library**, afternoon outings to local parks, and programs through organizations like the **Boys & Girls Clubs of America** all help anchor summer days with purpose and connection.

These low-cost touchpoints give children something to look forward to and reduce the idle downtime that so often leads to excessive screen use.

### 4. Involve Your Kids in the Planning Process

Merve Lapus, Vice President of Education, Outreach and Engagement at **Common Sense Media**, emphasizes the importance of making children active participants in managing their own screen habits.

"It's really important to just have that discussion with the kids and recognize that it's very easy to get lost in screens, but we want to be in agreement that this is something we're going to try and do together," says Lapus.

When children help plan their own screen-free or screen-limited days, they develop a sense of ownership and autonomy over their choices — making them far more likely to follow through. Parents who join in the activities, rather than simply issuing mandates from the sidelines, reinforce that digital boundaries are a family value, not a punishment.

## The Bottom Line

The themes at the heart of *Toy Story 5* — connection, presence, and the things we risk losing when we disappear into our screens — are more relevant than ever. The research is clear: summers without structure invite screen overuse, and the health consequences are real. But with thoughtful planning, open communication, and a few well-chosen alternatives, parents can help their children spend this summer building memories rather than scrolling through them.

Kids spend 30% more time on screens during summer. Inspired by Toy Story 5, here are 4 expert-backed strategies to help your children unplug and thrive.

4 Expert Tips to Reduce Kids' Screen Time This Summer

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Toys vs. Tech: How to Help Your Kids Unplug and Thrive This Summer

## FDA Committee Gives Unanimous Green Light to Moderna's mRNA Flu Vaccine

In a unanimous 9-0 decision, the Food and Drug Administration's premier vaccine advisory body has recommended approval of Moderna's mRNA-based influenza vaccine, known as mFlusiva, for adults aged 50 and older. The vote marks the first time the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) has reviewed a new vaccine application since May 2023 — a gap of more than three years.

## A Breakthrough Amid Political Headwinds

The recommendation carries significant weight given the current political climate surrounding vaccines. Under the second Trump administration, both President Trump and Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. have been vocal critics of vaccine programs, particularly those utilizing mRNA technology. Kennedy previously pulled back nearly $500 million in federal contracts earmarked for mRNA vaccine development.

Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and a former FDA advisory panel member, called the vote a welcome relief. "It's such a breath of fresh air, considering what we've gone through with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.," he said.

The path to this vote was not without obstacles. The FDA initially declined to review Moderna's application earlier this year, only to reverse that decision within two weeks following widespread criticism from the public health community.

## How the mRNA Flu Vaccine Works

Moderna's mFlusiva uses the same messenger-RNA technology that underpinned the development of COVID-19 vaccines. Rather than introducing weakened or inactivated flu particles into the body, mRNA instructs human cells to produce flu antigens, prompting the immune system to build defenses. The vaccine covers three to four influenza strains and delivers an amount of mRNA so minuscule it is comparable in weight to the trace left by a fingerprint on a mirror.

Importantly, Moderna confirmed that the vaccine "does not enter the cellular nucleus, does not interact with the genome, and does not persist in the body" — directly addressing widespread misinformation that has fueled public skepticism.

## Why Experts Are Excited About mRNA Flu Technology

Beyond the immediate health benefits, public health specialists are enthusiastic about mRNA flu vaccines for practical reasons. Traditional flu vaccines can take up to six months to manufacture and distribute once a new strain is identified. The mRNA platform could slash that timeline to just two to three months — the same compressed schedule demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic — dramatically improving the vaccine's relevance when a novel or mismatched flu strain emerges.

Dr. Evan Anderson, vice president of epidemiology at Moderna, highlighted the problem of strain mismatch in existing flu vaccines and emphasized that the faster production window of mRNA technology could significantly boost vaccine accuracy and effectiveness each season.

### Stronger, Longer-Lasting Protection

Research published in both the New England Journal of Medicine and Nature Immunology provided compelling evidence for the vaccine's superiority over standard flu shots. Hanover Matz, a postdoctoral researcher at Washington University in St. Louis, and his team analyzed immune responses from 75 trial participants, focusing not just on the quantity of antibodies produced but on their quality and breadth.

"It's not something that is typically evaluated when anybody looks at vaccine research," Matz noted. Their findings revealed that the mRNA vaccine generated a more durable immune response and antibodies capable of recognizing a broader range of flu strains — a potential explanation for why it may outperform conventional flu vaccines.

Dr. Anna Durbin, director of the Center for Immunization Research at Johns Hopkins University and a VRBPAC member, emphasized the rigor of Moderna's clinical program. "There were no shortcuts taken. There was a full efficacy evaluation done per standard FDA guidance — phase 3 efficacy studies conducted in tens of thousands of individuals," she told NPR.

## Safety Profile Deemed Highly Favorable

Despite lingering public concerns about mRNA vaccines, Thursday's six-and-a-half-hour review found no major safety issues. Dr. Gauri Raval, a medical officer in the FDA's Division of Clinical and Toxicology Review, stated that the Moderna mRNA flu vaccine "may offer greater efficacy than the standard dose comparator in preventing more severe influenza-associated illnesses," with no significant safety deficiencies identified.

Dr. Jesse Goodman, former director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, acknowledged the heavy politicization of mRNA vaccines but was firm in his assessment. Claims that mRNA vaccines cause cancer or alter DNA are "not possible and disproven," he said. Dr. Durbin reinforced this, pointing to the more than 6 billion mRNA vaccine doses administered globally since 2020, describing their safety record as "incredibly strong" with no evidence of DNA integration.

"The mRNA platform has really been a game changer for vaccines, and it's an incredibly important advancement in medical science," Durbin said. "We have to do a much better job of educating the public around that, but I have the highest confidence in the vaccine."

## The Flu Burden: Why This Matters Now

The urgency of this recommendation is underscored by the scale of influenza's impact. Dr. Lisa Grohskopf of the CDC presented data showing that the 2025-2026 flu season alone has resulted in at least 32 million cases, 390,000 hospitalizations, and 24,000 deaths in the United States. Compounding the crisis, approximately 85% of those eligible for flu vaccination remain inadequately protected.

## Calls for Greater FDA Advisory Activity

The meeting also prompted broader calls for the FDA to convene its advisory committees more frequently. Michael Abrams, a senior researcher at the nonprofit Public Citizen, urged the agency to make fuller use of expert panels that have been underutilized since January 2025. Historically, between 2000 and 2019, the VRBPAC reviewed approximately one new vaccine application per year — a pace that has slowed dramatically in recent years.

Dr. Durbin noted that a routine spring flu meeting that typically takes place annually was skipped entirely in 2025. She expressed even greater concern about the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which she described as having a different but equally critical role. "ACIP has a different purpose than VRBPAC — they will determine how these vaccines are used," she explained.

Dr. Goodman expressed cautious optimism about the day's proceedings. "I'm encouraged that this is happening, and in what appears to be a balanced way that's paying attention to the feedback of FDA vaccine experts and outside experts who really wanted to see this vaccine reviewed in the light of day."

## What Comes Next

Thursday's committee vote is a recommendation, not a final approval — the FDA will make its ultimate decision independently. However, the agency typically follows the guidance of its advisory panels, meaning mFlusiva may be on the verge of becoming the first vaccine approved under the current administration. If cleared, it could represent a turning point not only for flu prevention but for the broader future of mRNA-based medicine in the United States.

The FDA's VRBPAC unanimously voted to recommend Moderna's mRNA flu vaccine mFlusiva for adults 50+, marking a major milestone in vaccine development.

FDA Panel Unanimously Recommends Moderna mRNA Flu Vaccine

FDA Advisory Panel Unanimously Backs Moderna's mRNA Flu Vaccine for Adults 50 and Older

## UK Privacy Watchdog Investigates Bedroom Surveillance Technology in Mental Health Wards

Britain's information commissioner has formally launched an investigation into a contentious bedroom monitoring system deployed across 40% of NHS mental health trusts, following growing concerns over data privacy, patient consent, and the system's potential impact on vulnerable individuals.

The system in question, known as Oxevision and developed by a company now rebranded as LIO (formerly Oxehealth), uses infrared sensors and cameras to remotely monitor patients around the clock. While the company maintains that the technology improves patient safety and reduces pressure on NHS staff, critics — including bereaved families, patient advocates, and legal experts — argue it is intrusive, potentially unlawful, and may cause more harm than good.

## Legal Challenge Triggers Official Investigation

The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) confirmed it had opened a formal inquiry into Oxehealth after lawyers from Bindmans, representing the campaign group Stop Oxevision, formally requested scrutiny of how the system collects, stores, and processes sensitive patient data, including video footage captured inside hospital bedrooms.

Rachel Harger, a partner at Bindmans, emphasised the importance of privacy in clinical settings: "A patient's bedroom in hospital should, as far as possible, remain a sanctuary for care and treatment, where privacy is respected. Organisations must be able to point to a clear lawful basis for this collection and processing of patient-derived data. Where they rely on consent, it must be properly obtained, freely given, and capable of being withdrawn."

The ICO declined to provide further comment beyond confirming the investigation was underway.

## Tragedy Puts Spotlight on the Technology

The investigation comes amid heightened scrutiny of the technology through the ongoing Lampard inquiry, which is examining thousands of deaths involving mental health patients in Essex.

One of those cases involves Sophie Alderman, a 27-year-old woman with a history of serious mental illness and self-harm, who died by suicide in August 2022 at Rochford Hospital in Essex while being monitored by the Oxevision system. Her mother, Tammy Smith, has spoken out powerfully about the system's failings and its effect on her daughter's mental state.

Giving evidence to the inquiry in October, Smith said: "I think her paranoia would have been increased 100%. She's always been uncomfortable with cameras. She always felt under a microscope… it was obvious that Sophie was distressed by the presence of the camera in her room but, worst of all, the system did not even keep her safe."

She added a stark warning about the limits of technology in mental health care: "You cannot replace staff in that situation with technology. It's not fit for purpose."

## Patients Describe Surveillance as 'Creepy' and Invasive

Beyond individual cases, patients more broadly have described the experience of being monitored by Oxevision as unsettling and dehumanising, with some characterising it as a form of spying. The system films patients continuously throughout the day and night inside their bedrooms — a reality that Laura Cozens, head of patient safety at LIO, acknowledged constitutes "a very significant invasion of privacy" when she addressed the Lampard inquiry.

Cozens did note that video recordings are accessible only upon formal request and are subject to strict governance protocols. She also conceded that the technology may not be appropriate for all patients.

## Campaigners and Legal Experts Call for Urgent Action

Selen Cavcav from the charity Inquest, who served as a caseworker for Sophie Alderman's family, argued that surveillance-based approaches are fundamentally at odds with good mental health care.

"People in mental health settings need care — not isolation and surveillance," she said. "The use of intrusive technologies like Oxevision can exacerbate emotional distress and existing issues in mental health settings, such as the coercive nature of treatment and the lack of privacy. Instead of systems which allow private companies to put profit over people, we need to imagine and resource genuine alternatives which centre people's dignity and autonomy."

Nina Ali, a solicitor at Hodge Jones & Allen representing over 150 families at the Lampard inquiry, raised concerns that the technology may actually be contributing to preventable deaths by encouraging staff to rely on automated alerts rather than conducting face-to-face observations.

"As things stand, the use of Oxevision in Essex is unsafe, intrusive and potentially unlawful, and urgent recommendations are needed to protect patients," Ali said. "We have seen multiple cases where staff relied on assistive technology instead of carrying out proper in-person observations, including in cases where deaths occurred as system alerts were muted, ignored or misunderstood. There is no place for any kind of surveillance of that sort for patients with mental health issues in their bedrooms."

## Company Defends the Technology's Role in Saving Lives

Oxehealth has pushed back firmly against what it describes as a misleading narrative around its product. In a statement, a spokesperson said the company is engaging constructively with the ICO and rejected the idea that unmonitored bedrooms are inherently safer environments for acutely unwell psychiatric patients.

The company pointed to clinical data submitted to the Lampard inquiry, stating that on Essex Partnership University NHS Trust (EPUT) wards alone, the platform had flagged 935 ligature incidents and 436 self-harm events, enabling staff to intervene in time-critical situations.

The spokesperson also cited EPUT representatives who told the inquiry: "The use of Oxevision has assisted EPUT to make more timely interventions when required and therefore assisted in preserving life."

## What Happens Next

The Lampard inquiry is scheduled to hear further evidence next month specifically relating to the use of Oxevision on EPUT mental health wards. Stop Oxevision welcomed the ICO's decision to investigate, calling independent scrutiny "both necessary and overdue" and urging that the probe be treated as a matter of urgent priority for all those affected.

The outcome of the investigation could have significant implications for how the NHS deploys monitoring technology in sensitive clinical environments and what safeguards must be in place to protect patient rights.

---

*If you or someone you know is struggling, support is available. In the UK and Ireland, contact Samaritans on freephone 116 123. In the US, call or text 988 to reach the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. In Australia, Lifeline can be reached on 13 11 14. International resources are available at befrienders.org.*

The UK's ICO has launched a formal probe into Oxevision, a bedroom camera system used in 40% of NHS mental health trusts, over privacy and safety concerns.

ICO Investigates Bedroom Cameras in NHS Mental Health Wards

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UK Privacy Watchdog Launches Probe Into Bedroom Camera Surveillance of Mental Health Patients

## Prime Day 2026 Is Already Delivering Big Savings on Espresso Machines

If you've been thinking about ditching your daily Starbucks habit and brewing café-quality espresso at home, Amazon's early Prime Day 2026 deals just gave you the perfect excuse. Two standout semiautomatic espresso machines — the Breville Barista Express and the Ninja Luxe Cafe Pro — are currently discounted at some of the lowest prices seen in years. Coincidentally, these happen to be the very machines most commonly recommended to espresso newcomers ready to stop spending $7 per drink.

## Breville Barista Express: A Decade-Proven Crowd Favorite

### What Makes It Special

The Breville Barista Express has held its position as the top-selling semiautomatic espresso machine for so long it's practically an institution. Unlike basic espresso makers, this all-in-one machine comes equipped with a built-in grinder and steaming wand, giving you everything you need to craft rich, milk-frothed beverages without sourcing separate equipment.

For roughly ten years, WIRED has consistently featured the Barista Express among its top espresso machine picks, praising its winning combination of value, reliability, precision, and user-friendly design. The current Prime Day 2026 promotion slashes $200 off its regular price — a discount significant enough to warrant a double-take.

### Why So Many People Love It

The Barista Express succeeds by striking the right balance. It's priced accessibly, operates intuitively, and is backed by Breville's well-regarded customer support and warranty service — a critical factor for a machine you're hoping to use for many years. While its built-in grinder doesn't quite match the performance of Breville's premium Oracle Jet model, it consistently delivers full-bodied, well-extracted espresso from medium and dark roasts.

Longevity is another strong selling point. WIRED's own senior gear editor Julian Chokkattu has been using his Barista Express for seven years, and the machine continues to perform without issue — a real-world testament to its durability.

## Ninja Luxe Cafe Pro: The Impressive New Challenger

### An Unexpected Contender

When Ninja announced its entry into the semiautomatic espresso machine market back in 2024, industry observers were cautious. The brand was better known for blenders and air fryers than precision coffee brewing. However, the Ninja Luxe Cafe Pro has since proven those doubts largely unfounded.

For Prime Day 2026, the Luxe Cafe Pro is $150 off, matching the lowest price it has ever been offered at — making now an ideal time to consider picking one up.

### Where the Ninja Shines

The Pro model stands out from its sibling, the Luxe Cafe Premium, thanks to several practical upgrades. It features a bean assist function that helps users dial in their coffee beans for optimal flavor extraction — an uncommon perk at this price tier. It also includes a manual tamping lever and a hot water spout, both of which are absent from the lower-end model.

Perhaps the most impressive aspect of the Ninja Luxe Cafe Pro is its milk frother. Powered by a magnetic metal whisk positioned at the base of the milk carafe, it produces some of the most consistently smooth, well-integrated frothed milk available from any automatic frother on the market. For latte lovers in particular, this feature alone could make the Ninja the preferred choice.

### A Few Caveats

The Ninja doesn't carry the same years of field-tested reliability as the Breville, which is worth noting for those prioritizing long-term dependability. Additionally, the built-in drip coffee function is widely considered underwhelming and is best avoided. But as a dedicated espresso and latte machine, the Luxe Cafe Pro punches well above its weight.

## Which One Should You Buy?

Both machines offer exceptional value during Prime Day 2026. The **Breville Barista Express** is the safer, more proven choice — ideal for those who prioritize track record, consistent espresso quality, and strong customer support. The **Ninja Luxe Cafe Pro** is the better pick for milk-drink enthusiasts who want a cutting-edge frothing system and are comfortable with a newer brand in the espresso space.

Either way, both deals represent some of the strongest early Prime Day savings of 2026 and won't last forever.

Shop the best early Prime Day 2026 espresso machine deals. Breville Barista Express and Ninja Luxe Cafe Pro are both at record-low prices right now.

Best Prime Day 2026 Espresso Machine Deals: Breville & Ninja

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Best Early Prime Day 2026 Deals: Top Espresso Machines From Breville and Ninja

## Rivian Hit With Class Action Suit Over Broken Autonomous Driving Promises

Electric vehicle manufacturer Rivian is now facing a class action lawsuit that accuses the company of deliberately misleading consumers about the self-driving capabilities of its flagship R1T pickup truck and R1S SUV. The complaint, filed Wednesday in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, centers on first-generation versions of both vehicles and paints a picture of a company that made grand promises it allegedly never intended to keep.

## What the Lawsuit Claims

According to the plaintiffs, Rivian spent approximately five years running a nationwide marketing campaign in which it allegedly assured buyers that its Driver+ system would bring hands-free, eyes-off driving to every vehicle it produced. This type of capability falls under what the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) classifies as Level 3 autonomy — a standard that allows a vehicle to independently manage steering, acceleration, and braking under specific conditions, such as highway driving or low-speed travel, without requiring constant driver input. It is important to note that Level 3 autonomy does not mean the vehicle operates without any human oversight; drivers must remain alert and ready to intervene when the situation demands it.

The legal complaint pulls no punches in its characterization of Rivian's conduct. It states that no software update, regardless of its sophistication, will ever enable first-generation R1 vehicles to perform as advertised. Furthermore, the complaint alleges that Rivian was fully aware its Gen 1 vehicles could never achieve Level 3 autonomy or genuine hands-free driving, yet continued promoting these supposed capabilities to drive consumer purchases.

Among the specific incidents highlighted in the suit is Rivian CEO RJ Scaringe's appearance at TechCrunch Disrupt 2022, during which he reportedly made statements regarding the company's autonomous driving ambitions.

## Legal Representation and Claims

Three named plaintiffs are included in the lawsuit, which is being handled by law firms Coleman Law and Tycko & Zavareei. The legal team has formally requested a jury trial. The complaint lodges several serious allegations against Rivian, including fraud, negligent misrepresentation, and unjust enrichment.

Rivian has chosen not to publicly address the lawsuit, citing the ongoing nature of the litigation as its reason for declining comment.

## Rivian's Legal History and the Gen 2 Divide

This is not the first time Rivian has found itself in legal hot water. The company previously settled a class action lawsuit brought by shareholders for $250 million following a controversial price hike on its R1 models back in 2022.

What makes the current dispute particularly pointed is the contrast between Rivian's first- and second-generation vehicles. First-generation R1T and R1S models do not offer hands-free driving in any form. However, when Rivian overhauled its R1 lineup in 2024, the second-generation models received a comprehensive internal upgrade — including a redesigned battery pack, updated suspension, revamped electrical architecture, new interior seating, and an enhanced sensor array.

### Second-Generation Capabilities

The second-gen vehicles were outfitted with what Rivian calls its "Rivian Autonomy Platform," a system that comes standard and includes 11 cameras, five radar sensors, and a central computer boasting ten times the processing power of the previous generation. These vehicles initially launched with adaptive cruise control and a highway assist feature capable of automated steering, braking, and acceleration on select highway routes.

Later, Rivian pushed out a software update introducing "Universal Hands-Free" driving to second-generation vehicles. This feature enables drivers to remove their hands from the steering wheel across more than 3.5 million miles of roadway throughout the United States and Canada — covering a blend of highways and surface streets — provided visible lane markings are present.

First-generation owners, however, receive none of these upgrades, which forms the crux of the lawsuit.

## A Broader Industry Problem

Rivian is hardly alone in facing legal and regulatory scrutiny over autonomous driving claims. Tesla and its CEO Elon Musk have been making bold assertions about full vehicle autonomy for the better part of a decade through the company's Full Self-Driving software. A number of Tesla owners have pursued legal action over the company's failure to deliver on those promises.

Regulators have also stepped in. The California Department of Motor Vehicles filed formal accusations alleging Tesla violated state law by misleading consumers about the capabilities of both its Autopilot system and its more advanced Full Self-Driving software. A judge ultimately sided with the DMV. However, the agency chose in February not to impose a 30-day suspension of Tesla's California sales and manufacturing licenses — a penalty it waived after the automaker agreed to stop using the term "Autopilot" in its California-based marketing materials.

As the EV industry continues to mature and competition intensifies, the gap between marketing language and real-world capability is increasingly becoming a legal battleground — one that automakers are learning can carry significant financial and reputational consequences.

Rivian faces a class action lawsuit alleging the EV maker falsely promised hands-free Level 3 autonomous driving for its first-generation R1T and R1S vehicles.

Rivian Sued Over False Self-Driving Feature Promises

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Rivian Faces Class Action Lawsuit Over Alleged Self-Driving Feature Deception

## Apple Customers Brace for Higher Prices Amid Global Memory Chip Crisis

Artificial intelligence is proving to be a double-edged sword for Apple. While the tech giant races to integrate AI capabilities across its product lineup, the same technology is driving up hardware costs in ways that could soon hit consumers directly in the wallet.

## The 'RAMageddon' Effect on Apple Products

The phenomenon now being referred to as "RAMageddon" — a sweeping global shortage of memory chips fueled by AI's relentless appetite for hardware — is putting serious pressure on Apple's pricing structure. Outgoing CEO Tim Cook has confirmed what many industry analysts feared: price increases on future Apple devices, including the iPhone, Mac, and iPad, are effectively unavoidable.

In a candid interview with The Wall Street Journal, Cook described the current situation as "unsustainable," noting that memory and storage chip costs have surged fourfold compared to the previous year. Despite Apple's efforts to absorb these rising costs internally, the company says it can no longer shield consumers from the financial impact.

## Which Apple Products Could Get More Expensive?

Cook stopped short of identifying specific products or announcing exact timelines for price adjustments. However, memory supply industry experts speaking to the Financial Times suggested that the iPhone is almost certain to be among the first products affected. With Apple traditionally unveiling its new iPhone lineup in September, that launch window presents a natural opportunity to introduce revised pricing.

Beyond the iPhone, virtually every Apple product incorporates DRAM memory or NAND storage chips — including the Apple Watch, iPad, Mac computers, and the Apple Vision Pro headset. All of these devices could potentially see price increases as chip costs continue to climb.

### How Much More Could the Next iPhone Cost?

Research firm TechInsights offered a sobering estimate to the WSJ, suggesting Apple would need to add approximately **$270** to the price of the next iPhone Pro model just to maintain its current profit margins. Given that the iPhone 17 Pro already starts at $1,099, that would push the entry price for a Pro model close to $1,370 — a significant jump that would test consumer loyalty.

Incoming Apple CEO John Ternus echoed these concerns back in April, reinforcing that chip cost pressures are a serious operational challenge the company is actively monitoring.

## AI's Rocky Relationship With Apple

The memory chip crisis arrives at an already difficult moment for Apple on the artificial intelligence front. The company has faced substantial criticism for its slow and uncertain AI strategy, and earlier this year it agreed to pay a **$250 million settlement** to resolve a false advertising lawsuit. The lawsuit stemmed from Apple's failure to deliver AI-powered Siri features it had publicly promised nearly two years prior.

Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference, held earlier this month, offered some reassurance — showcasing meaningful progress on its AI roadmap, including a significant overhaul of the Siri voice assistant. However, more sophisticated on-device AI processing inherently requires more memory, meaning the very features designed to make Apple devices smarter could further accelerate the demand for the chips now in short supply.

## What This Means for Consumers

For everyday Apple users, the takeaway is straightforward: the next generation of Apple products may come with notably higher price tags. The convergence of AI-driven chip demand, global supply constraints, and Apple's own AI ambitions appears to be setting the stage for a new — and more expensive — chapter in consumer electronics pricing.

Whether Apple can soften the blow through supply chain adjustments or strategic partnerships remains to be seen. For now, consumers eyeing an upgrade this fall may want to plan their budgets accordingly.

Apple CEO Tim Cook warns iPhone and Mac prices may rise significantly as AI drives a global memory chip shortage, potentially adding $270 to the next iPhone Pro

Apple Warns of Price Hikes Amid AI Memory Chip Shortage

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Apple Warns of Inevitable Price Hikes as AI Fuels Global Memory Chip Shortage

# Dell Coupon Codes & Deals: Save Up to 20% in 2026

Whether you're upgrading your home office setup, hunting for a powerful gaming rig, or shopping for a college-ready laptop, Dell offers a surprisingly wide range of ways to save. From promo codes and loyalty rewards to exclusive discounts for students and seniors, here's everything you need to know to get the best value on Dell products.

## Get 10% Off as a New Dell Customer

First-time Dell shoppers have a compelling reason to make the switch. New customers who sign up for Dell's email newsletter receive 10% off their first purchase, along with access to exclusive inbox offers and invitations to limited-time flash sale events throughout the year.

Additionally, shoppers can apply Dell promo code **AFFBUNDLE10** to receive an extra 10% off when bundling select PCs with compatible accessories. For those looking to stretch their tech budget even further, Dell's clearance section regularly features discounted inventory at reduced prices.

## 20% Off: Shop the Dell Outlet for Refurbished Savings

One of the smartest ways to save on Dell technology is by shopping the **Dell Outlet**, which stocks certified refurbished devices in like-new condition at significantly reduced prices. For example, the **Dell 14 Premium** is available refurbished for just $1,036 — a savings of $259 compared to buying new.

This model comes equipped with Intel Arc 140T Graphics and an FHD RGB + IR Camera with built-in microphone, making it a strong performer at a lower price point. The Dell Outlet inventory rotates frequently, so regular visits are worthwhile for anyone tracking a specific product.

## Save $520 on the Dell 14 Plus With a College Email

The **Dell 14 Plus** earned strong praise when reviewed for its fast processing speed, impressive battery life, quality IPS display, and comfortable keyboard. Students with a verified college email address can purchase this laptop for just $860 — a savings of $520 off the standard retail price.

The configuration includes an Intel Core Ultra 7 256V processor with eight cores, Windows 11 Home, Intel Arc Graphics, 16 GB of RAM, and 1 TB of SSD storage — a well-rounded package for academic and everyday use.

## Up to $450 Off Alienware Gaming Laptops and Monitors

Gaming enthusiasts and remote workers alike will find compelling deals across Dell's premium Alienware lineup during major sale events. Current highlights include:

- **$400 off** the Alienware 16X Aurora gaming laptop
- **$450 off** the Alienware 18 Area-51
- **$1,200 off** the Alienware Area-51 desktop, featuring 50% more processing power
- **$100 off** the Alienware 4K QD-OLED gaming monitor
- **$120 off** the Alienware 27 Gaming Monitor
- **30% off** a Dell 24-inch monitor with any qualifying laptop or desktop purchase
- Dell Rewards members can also earn up to **3x points (9% back)** on select Alienware monitors

Additional deals include $160 off Bose QuietComfort headphones (now $199), $350 off the Dell 14 Plus Laptop, $200 off the Dell 15, and $500 off the Dell 16 Plus. Software bundles are also available at 50% off when purchased alongside a new PC.

Dell's rotating weekly deals feature standout offers like Dell 27 Plus 4K monitors starting at $129, $400 off QD-OLED curved gaming monitors, $350 off Alienware Aurora desktops, and $200 off Tower Plus desktop computers.

## 10% Discount for Students, Military, and Healthcare Workers

Dell extends meaningful discounts to several key communities:

### Student Discount
College students can receive **10% off** products like Dell XPS laptops and Alienware systems. To claim this discount, create a Dell account, enroll in Dell Rewards, and verify your .edu email address through the membership tab in your account settings.

### Heroes Discount
Military members, veterans, government employees, and qualifying business customers can access an additional **5% Heroes discount**. Verification is handled quickly through GovX or VCS, and approved members gain early access to exclusive sale events.

## Dell's Ultimate College Offer: $500+ in Free Extras

For students preparing for college, Dell's **Ultimate College Offer** goes beyond a standard discount. Eligible students save an extra 10% on select PCs and receive the Microsoft College Bundle at no additional cost — a package valued at over $500 that includes:

- One year of **Microsoft 365**
- **Xbox Game Pass** membership
- A customizable **Xbox controller**

This limited-time offer is designed to support both academic productivity and personal downtime.

## Exclusive Senior Discounts at Dell

Dell is committed to making technology accessible for older adults by offering dedicated **senior discounts**. After creating a Dell account and enrolling in the Dell Rewards program, seniors can verify their status to unlock exclusive pricing on laptops and computing devices. Discounts are automatically applied at checkout once verification is complete.

## Earn Up to 6% Back With Dell Rewards

The **Dell Rewards program** is one of the most consistent ways to save across every purchase. Current members earn double points — equivalent to **6% back** — on nearly all products. Combine that with email sign-up benefits and select XPS or Dell Premium system discounts for a triple-stacked savings opportunity.

For new credit account holders, opening a **Dell Pay Credit Account** earns $100 (10,000 points) in Dell Rewards dollars upon enrollment. Standard Rewards members earn **3% back** on Dell.com purchases, with points typically credited to the account within 30 days of shipment. Members also gain access to exclusive perks, deal previews, and member-only promotions.

As a current bonus, Dell Rewards Members can earn an **extra $50 back** on any XPS PC purchase through July 1.

## Dell Price Match Guarantee

Dell's **Price Match Policy** stands out from competitors by covering both pre- and post-purchase scenarios. If you find an identical product — whether from Dell, HP, Apple, or Lenovo — at a lower price, simply share the link with a Dell representative via live chat or phone to receive the matched price.

Already made a purchase? If you spot a lower price on Dell's website or a competitor's site within **30 days** of your order, submit the link through the Order Support portal and Dell will refund the difference.

## Save Up to 57% on Dell Certified Refurbished Products

Dell's **refurbished deals page** is updated regularly with deep discounts on a wide range of products, from gaming equipment to home office essentials. Promo codes are listed directly on the page, making it easy to apply savings without additional searching.

A standout current offer includes **57% off** the OptiPlex All-In-One Desktop, now priced at just **$299** — no coupon code required. Keep in mind that sale items are excluded from additional coupons, codes cannot be stacked, and all coupon discounts apply to online orders only.

Find the latest Dell coupon codes for 2026. Save up to 20% on laptops, gaming gear, and more with student, senior, and rewards discounts.

Best Dell Coupon Codes & Deals: Save Up to 20% in 2026

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Dell Coupon Codes & Deals: Save Up to 20% in 2026

## Anthropic Makes History by Joining Frontier's Carbon Removal Initiative

Anthropic has officially become the first AI-focused startup to join Frontier, the prominent carbon removal coalition, as part of a landmark $915 million funding round that nearly doubles the organization's total pledges to an impressive $1.8 billion.

## A Milestone for AI Companies and Climate Action

While tech giants like Google have been founding members of Frontier since its inception, Anthropic's arrival marks a significant shift — it is the first company whose core business is purely artificial intelligence to step into the coalition. This move is especially notable given that AI companies have recently been on an aggressive energy acquisition spree, raising widespread concerns about their overall environmental impact.

To date, Frontier has secured contracts worth nearly $700 million across more than 50 individual projects, collectively aimed at removing 1.8 million metric tons of carbon from the atmosphere. Member companies typically use Frontier's carbon removal credits to offset their publicly reported carbon footprints, much like applying a financial credit against a debt.

## Anthropic's First Step Toward Climate Accountability

This partnership represents Anthropic's inaugural foray into climate-related commitments. The company has not yet published a sustainability report and has publicly favored an "all of the above" energy strategy — a phrase that often signals reliance on polluting power sources. However, joining Frontier may indicate a gradual shift in the company's environmental priorities.

### Why Carbon Removal Credits Matter

Carbon removal credits function as a practical tool for companies that cannot eliminate every source of emissions immediately. Unavoidable activities such as business air travel continue to generate pollution, and carbon credits allow organizations to balance those emissions against verified removal efforts. Frontier plays a critical role by rigorously vetting carbon removal projects before issuing contracts, effectively serving as a trusted, shared resource for member companies.

## Frontier Raises the Bar for Future Projects

Alongside the new funding announcement, Frontier revealed it will apply a higher standard of scrutiny to future investments. Rather than spreading resources across numerous smaller projects, the coalition intends to concentrate on fewer, higher-impact initiatives — specifically those with a credible pathway to removing one gigaton, or one billion metric tons, of CO₂ annually. New contracts will span approximately eight to ten years.

This strategic pivot mirrors a similar transition observed at Microsoft, currently the largest single buyer of carbon removal credits, which has also begun consolidating its investments into fewer but more impactful projects.

### Technologies Frontier Has Supported

Since its founding in 2022, Frontier has backed a diverse portfolio of carbon removal technologies, including:

- **Direct air capture** — machines that pull CO₂ directly from the atmosphere
- **Enhanced rock weathering** — accelerating natural geological processes to absorb carbon
- **Bio-oil** — converting biomass into stable carbon-rich liquid
- **Ocean antacids** — reducing ocean acidity to enhance natural carbon absorption
- **Bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS)** — combining bioenergy production with carbon storage

## The Road Ahead: Government Must Eventually Step In

Frontier was originally established by Stripe, Google, Shopify, and other forward-thinking tech companies as a mechanism to help fulfill ambitious climate pledges. Many of these firms are targeting net-zero emissions within the next decade or two, yet certain emissions remain stubbornly difficult to eliminate today.

However, private industry has made it clear it does not intend to fund carbon removal indefinitely. Frontier now requires that any company entering a new contract must demonstrate a viable path toward government subsidies or public support. The organization has confirmed it will sign contracts extending as far out as 2040, with the implicit expectation that governments will assume greater responsibility for carbon removal funding by then.

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has emphasized that carbon dioxide removal technology will be essential for the world to achieve net-zero emissions. Yet meaningful government investment in this area remains limited. As global temperatures continue to rise, the urgency for public-sector engagement in carbon removal has never been greater.

Anthropic becomes the first AI startup to join Frontier's carbon removal coalition, contributing to a $915M funding round that brings total pledges to $1.8B.

Anthropic Joins Frontier Carbon Removal Coalition

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Anthropic Becomes the First AI Startup to Join the Frontier Carbon Removal Coalition

## Global AI Dependence Meets a Hard Political Reality

The question that has quietly haunted international technology policy finally broke into the open at the G7 Summit this week: What happens when the country that builds the world's most powerful AI decides to shut the door?

French President Emmanuel Macron and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi both raised pointed concerns during the summit, warning fellow G7 leaders and top American AI executives that Washington holds an uncomfortable amount of leverage over the rest of the world's digital future. Their fears were not hypothetical — they were rooted in something that had just happened.

## The Anthropic Ban That Changed the Conversation

Days before the summit, the Trump administration moved to block Anthropic from exporting its latest Mythos 5 and Fable 5 AI models, citing national security concerns. The decision followed a tip from Amazon to the White House suggesting that certain safety guardrails built into the models could be circumvented.

Cybersecurity professionals have since pushed back on that rationale, pointing out that comparable capabilities exist in other AI systems — including models from OpenAI — that remain freely available internationally. Despite those objections, Anthropic's models remain under restriction with no clear timeline for resolution.

The episode crystallized a risk that international businesses and governments have long tried to avoid confronting directly: any organization that builds its operations on American AI infrastructure is now exposed to the possibility that access could be revoked without warning, and potentially without explanation.

## Macron's Warning to Washington

Speaking over lunch with G7 leaders and AI executives — a group that included Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, and President Donald Trump — Macron delivered a blunt message. If the United States can "from one day to the next turn off the switch," he warned, the damage would extend far beyond the customers left stranded. It would ultimately hurt the American AI companies themselves, undermining the global trust they depend on to grow.

The argument was as much commercial as it was political. No government, no enterprise, and no startup will build critical systems on a foundation they cannot rely on.

## Modi Calls for Unfettered Access Among Democracies

Prime Minister Modi echoed those concerns, according to reporting from the Financial Times. He argued that democratic nations must have guaranteed, uninterrupted access to leading AI models, particularly when it comes to protecting critical national infrastructure. The Anthropic export restriction, in his view, set a troubling precedent for allied nations.

## The Case for Digital Sovereignty Grows Louder

The reaction from the broader technology industry was equally pointed. Aidan Gomez, co-founder and CEO of Cohere — a Canadian enterprise AI company — released a statement that framed the issue in stark terms.

"The recent restriction on access to Anthropic's models confirms what we at Cohere have known all along: that companies and democratic nations remaining dependent on a small handful of big tech companies is dangerous to resilience," Gomez said. "Digital sovereignty is not just about market competition or any one company or nation. It's about who controls the foundational technology that will shape our economic security and national sovereignty for decades to come."

## A 'Trusted Partners' Framework Takes Shape

In response to the growing unease, G7 leaders discussed the outlines of a potential "trusted partners" arrangement — a mechanism that would grant non-U.S. nations access to advanced AI systems from companies like Anthropic and OpenAI, even in cases where broader export restrictions apply.

Under the proposed framework, both countries and companies could qualify as trusted partners, provided they use the technology to strengthen their defenses against adversarial actors, with China named as the primary concern. The goal would be to maintain an open AI trade network that operates within — but is not entirely subject to — U.S. export controls.

Macron suggested that Washington itself has a strong incentive to support such a scheme. Broad adoption of American AI is only possible if buyers believe their access is secure. The moment that confidence erodes, the market for U.S. AI shrinks.

## The Limits of Sovereignty in a U.S.-Dominated Market

Yet significant questions remain about how far any trusted partner framework would actually reach. It is unclear whether such protections would extend to a small startup in Paris or Bangalore that woke up one morning to find its AI-powered product no longer functional — with no official explanation provided.

The tension is compounded by the fact that American AI models continue to outpace their international competitors. European and other non-U.S. governments have been pushing for AI sovereignty for years, but that argument becomes harder to sustain when opting out of American AI means falling behind. The world wants what the U.S. is building — it just wants assurances that what it buys cannot be taken back.

G7 leaders including Macron and Modi raised alarms at the summit over U.S. power to cut AI access, following the Trump administration's Anthropic export ban.

G7 Leaders Warn Against U.S. Control Over AI Access

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Global Leaders Want American AI — But Fear Washington Could Pull the Plug Anytime

## Devon Fabric Firm Takes Center Stage in Global Space Industry

A specialist textile manufacturer tucked away in the English countryside has quietly become one of the most important suppliers in the global space industry — and the world's leading space giants have taken notice.

Heathcoat Fabrics, based in Tiverton, Devon, recently hosted a high-profile parachute engineering conference that drew representatives from NASA, SpaceX, and Blue Origin, underscoring the company's critical role in some of humanity's most ambitious missions beyond Earth.

## A Historic Factory With an Out-of-This-World Portfolio

The Tiverton-based firm has a remarkable heritage in parachute fabric manufacturing that stretches back to before World War Two. Decades later, that same expertise is being applied to some of the most advanced spacecraft ever built, helping to safely slow down rockets, rovers, and capsules as they return from the cosmos.

Peter Hill, Director at Heathcoat Fabrics, expressed his pride in the company's achievements and its broader impact on the region.

"We're proud to be putting Devon on the map as a hub for space innovation," Hill said. "This is a chance to showcase the incredible work our team does to support missions that push the boundaries of human achievement."

Hill highlighted the growing demand for the company's materials, noting that an increasing number of organisations are sending payloads into space and require reliable systems to bring them safely back to Earth.

### From Mars Rovers to Pharmaceuticals

The scope of Heathcoat Fabrics' work extends well beyond traditional aerospace. Hill revealed that pharmaceutical companies are now manufacturing drugs in microgravity conditions aboard spacecraft, with the finished products then parachuted back to Earth — a process that depends on the Devon firm's high-performance materials.

Additionally, the company is collaborating with both the UK Ministry of Defence and the United States Department of Defense on advanced projects including chemical warfare protection gear, protective clothing, and lightweight parachute systems.

"More and more companies are taking things to space and need to bring them back again," Hill explained, adding that the firm remains committed to innovation in order to "meet the needs of an evolving market."

## Industry Leaders Speak Out

### Blue Origin Praises Devon-Made Parachutes

Rob Sinclair, representing Blue Origin — the space company behind the celebrated all-female spaceflight in April 2025 — attended the conference and spoke glowingly about the Devon manufacturer's contribution to that historic mission.

"We've had Gayle King and Katy Perry come back safely to Earth with parachutes using fabric that was made right here in Devon," Sinclair said.

### NASA's Mars Mission Connection

Clara O'Farrell from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory also attended, emphasising just how pivotal Heathcoat Fabrics has been to the agency's deep-space endeavours.

O'Farrell described having the "great fortune" of being part of the team that successfully landed the Mars Perseverance Rover — a mission that relied directly on fabric produced in Devon.

"We partnered with the team here to manufacture the fabric that we used to assemble the parachute that successfully landed that Rover on Mars," she said. "We hope to continue that partnership in future space missions."

## A Small Town With a Giant Footprint in Space

The conference serves as a powerful reminder that cutting-edge space exploration is not confined to Silicon Valley or Cape Canaveral. A centuries-old textile town in the heart of Devon is helping to write the next chapter of human achievement among the stars — one parachute at a time.

Heathcoat Fabrics in Devon hosted NASA, SpaceX, and Blue Origin reps at a parachute engineering conference, celebrating its role in landmark space missions.

NASA and SpaceX Visit Devon Factory Behind Space Parachutes

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NASA and SpaceX Descend on Devon Factory Behind Space Parachute Technology

## A New Path Forward for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Engineers working to push computer chips beyond their current physical limits may have just gotten a significant boost. A newly developed technique using plasma processing could make it far easier to work with the ultrathin materials considered essential for the next generation of electronics.

Researchers discovered that applying oxygen or fluorine to a material called molybdenum disulfide before plasma exposure allows manufacturers to remove just the outermost layer of atoms with far greater precision and safety. The findings were published in the *Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters*.

## Why Silicon Alone Is No Longer Enough

Silicon has served as the backbone of computer chip manufacturing for decades. However, engineers are increasingly bumping up against the material's fundamental physical boundaries. As demand for smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient devices continues to grow, researchers are exploring ways to supplement silicon with advanced ultrathin materials.

One of the most promising categories is known as transition metal dichalcogenides, or TMDs. A standout candidate within this group is molybdenum disulfide — a material only three atoms thick, composed of a single layer of molybdenum sandwiched between two layers of sulfur.

For future transistors that integrate both silicon and TMD materials, manufacturers must be able to selectively strip away atoms from only the top sulfur layer, leaving everything beneath it completely intact.

## The Challenge of Plasma-Based Atom Removal

One established method for removing surface atoms involves plasma — the high-energy state of matter present in stars like the Sun. Under precise conditions, particles within a plasma can collide with a material's surface and dislodge individual atoms.

The difficulty lies in achieving exactly the right energy level. Removing sulfur atoms from the top layer requires enough force to break surface bonds, but too much energy risks damaging the molybdenum layer underneath. The margin between success and destruction is razor-thin, making a reliable, repeatable process extremely hard to achieve.

Plasma research has been a core focus at the U.S. Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) for more than 75 years, and this study draws directly on that expertise.

## How Oxygen and Fluorine Change the Equation

Using advanced computer simulations, researchers found that pretreating molybdenum disulfide with either oxygen or fluorine before plasma exposure substantially lowers the energy threshold needed to remove surface sulfur atoms.

### The Energy Numbers Tell the Story

On an untreated surface, dislodging a sulfur atom requires approximately 30 electron volts of energy. After fluorine pretreatment, that threshold drops to around 10 electron volts. Oxygen pretreatment reduces it to roughly 14 electron volts.

This reduction is critically important because plasma ions naturally vary in their energy levels — not every particle carries the same charge. On an untreated surface, the narrow energy window between removing sulfur atoms and inadvertently damaging the molybdenum layer below means some ions will inevitably cause harm.

By lowering the removal threshold to 10 or 14 electron volts, the technique creates a far wider and more forgiving operating window, giving manufacturers significantly more control over the process.

## Chemistry Doing the Heavy Lifting

Rather than relying purely on physical force to knock atoms free, the new approach harnesses chemical reactions to assist the removal process.

When a plasma ion strikes an oxygen-treated surface, two oxygen atoms can bond with a neighboring sulfur atom to form sulfur dioxide — a stable gas that naturally lifts off the surface on its own. Fluorine behaves in a comparable way, generating sulfur-fluorine compounds that detach with much less effort.

"We are not directly breaking the bonds," explained Yury Polyachenko, a Princeton University chemistry graduate student and lead author of the study, who also worked at PPPL during the summer of 2025. "We are forming some intermediate products, such as sulfur dioxide. This intermediate product is much easier to break off."

## What Comes Next

The research team is already planning the next phase of investigation, aiming to quantify the degree of damage the process causes rather than simply determining whether damage occurs at all.

Beyond that, the researchers intend to test whether the same chemical pretreatment strategy works for related TMD materials — for example, substituting tungsten for molybdenum or selenium for sulfur — to determine just how broadly the technique can be applied across different material systems.

The study was conducted by Polyachenko alongside PPPL researchers Igor Kaganovich and Shoaib Khalid, as well as PPPL alumnus Yuri Barsukov. It received support from the Department of Energy's Office of Science, covering both Fusion Energy Sciences and Basic Energy Sciences, under the Extreme Lithography and Materials Innovation Center initiative. Computational work was carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and Princeton University's high-performance computing clusters.

Researchers found that pretreating molybdenum disulfide with oxygen or fluorine improves plasma chip manufacturing precision, enabling next-gen electronics.

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